12 Mart\u2019ta Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Hafta sonu boyunca s\u00fcren bir sars\u0131nt\u0131ya ve d\u00fcnya borsalar\u0131ndaki bankalar\u0131n hisse fiyatlar\u0131nda keskin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7an bu olay, kronik bir kriz i\u00e7erisindeki emperyalist kapitalizmin yeni bir i\u015fareti. Bu olay\u0131n sonucu ne olursa olsun, b\u00fcy\u00fck kapitalistler bunun bedelini i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131na \u00f6detmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar.<\/p>\n
Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131, hem b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketlerin hem de daha k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, yeni kurulmu\u015f ve geli\u015fme a\u015famas\u0131ndaki \u015firketlerin (start-up<\/em>) finansman\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir kurulu\u015ftu. ABD\u2019nin en b\u00fcy\u00fck 16. bankas\u0131yd\u0131. Batmas\u0131, ABD tarihindeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck ikinci iflas oldu (en b\u00fcy\u00fc\u011f\u00fc 2008\u2019de, o zamanki krizin zirvesinde Lehman Brothers\u2019\u0131n iflas\u0131yd\u0131).<\/p>\n Start-up<\/em>\u00a0\u015firketlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu dahil olmak \u00fczere Kaliforniya\u2019n\u0131n Silikon Vadisi b\u00f6lgesindeki teknoloji \u015firketlerinin yar\u0131s\u0131ndan fazlas\u0131n\u0131n bankada paras\u0131 vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Bankan\u0131n iflas etti\u011fine dair s\u00f6ylentiler, ge\u00e7ti\u011fimiz per\u015fembe ve cuma g\u00fcnleri bankadan 42 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00e7ekilmesine neden oldu. Sonunda ABD Merkez Bankas\u0131 (FED), bankan\u0131n iflas\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. Devlete ait bir kurulu\u015f olan ABD Federal Mevduat Sigorta Kurumu FDIC, toplam mevduat\u0131 175 milyon dolar olan bankaya kayyum atad\u0131. Sorun; mevduatlar\u0131n hesap ba\u015f\u0131na yaln\u0131zca 250.000 dolar\u0131na teminat sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve bu durumda bankan\u0131n mevduatlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca y\u00fczde 7\u2019sini kapsanmas\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n Peki Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131 hesaplar\u0131nda neden bu kadar b\u00fcy\u00fck mevduat hesaplar\u0131 vard\u0131? \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc bunlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu\u00a0start-up<\/em>\u00a0olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yeni teknoloji \u015firketlerine aitti.\u00a0Start-up<\/em>, yeni teknoloji alan\u0131nda oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcmeyi hedefleyen, genellikle k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ve yeni bir \u015firkettir.\u00a0Start-up<\/em>\u00a0\u015firketler spek\u00fclat\u00f6rler, di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015firketler ya da bankalar gibi \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc taraf sermayesine dayal\u0131d\u0131r. Teminat gereksinimlerini kar\u015f\u0131layamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in genellikle daha geleneksel bankalardan finansman almakta zorlan\u0131r. Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131 b\u00f6yle \u201criskli\u201d krediler verme konusunda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f bir bankayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Start-up<\/em>\u2019lar\u0131n nadiren fazla geliri olur: \u00c7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n ve faturalar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6demelerini, risk sermayedarlar\u0131na hisse satarak elde ettikleri nakitle yapar. Toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131 nakit fazlas\u0131n\u0131 da bir yerlerde tutar. \u00c7o\u011funun Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019nda hesaplar\u0131 vard\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck bankalar\u0131n reddetti\u011fi kredileri onlara veren de bu bankayd\u0131.<\/p>\n S\u00f6nen balon<\/strong><\/p>\n T\u00fcm bu olanlarla, al\u0131\u015fk\u0131n oldu\u011fumuz spek\u00fclatif balon patlamas\u0131nda yeni bir sayfa a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. Risk sermayesi sahibi bu teknoloji \u015firketleri 2021 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar 330 milyar dolar finansman sa\u011flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn bunlar, pandemiden sonra h\u0131zla b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fckleri bir ba\u011flamda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Ancak daha sonra i\u015fleri eskisi kadar k\u00e2r getirmemeye ba\u015flad\u0131 ve k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fcld\u00fcler (teknoloji sekt\u00f6r\u00fcndeki t\u00fcm \u015firketlerde y\u00fcz binlerce i\u015f\u00e7inin i\u015ften \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lmas\u0131 bunun bir g\u00f6stergesiydi). Merkez Bankas\u0131, enflasyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckselterek krediyi daha pahal\u0131 hale getirdi.<\/p>\n Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131, mevduatlar\u0131n\u0131 40 y\u0131ll\u0131k hazine bonolar\u0131na yat\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Merkez Bankas\u0131 faiz oranlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fckseltti\u011finde, daha d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck oranl\u0131 eski tahviller de\u011fer kaybetti ve de\u011ferleri d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc. Teknoloji \u015firketlerinin mevduat sahipleri, i\u015flerinin k\u00e2rl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kabul ederek paralar\u0131n\u0131 bankadan \u00e7ekmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131lar. Ancak banka onlara geri \u00f6deme yapamad\u0131; elinde sadece de\u011fer kaybetmi\u015f tahviller vard\u0131. Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131 nakit toplamak i\u00e7in kendi hisselerini satmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ama bunlar da de\u011fer kaybetti. Sonu\u00e7 olarak h\u00fccum ve iflas ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iflas\u0131, ABD\u2019de y\u00fcksek enflasyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in resesyona do\u011fru ilerlemeye haz\u0131rlanan Merkez Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n faiz art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucudur. Y\u00fcksek faiz oranlar\u0131, paray\u0131 daha pahal\u0131 ve k\u0131t hale getirir; bu da Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131 yok eden h\u00fccum gibi olaylar\u0131 tetikler. Ancak bu ayn\u0131 zamanda teknoloji \u015firketlerinin spek\u00fclatif balonunun s\u00f6nmekte oldu\u011fu ve her yat\u0131r\u0131mc\u0131n\u0131n can havliyle paras\u0131n\u0131 kurtarmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 ger\u00e7e\u011finin de bir sonucudur.<\/p>\n Denetimsiz bankalar<\/strong><\/p>\n Burada sorulmas\u0131 gereken soru, Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n neden bu kadar risk almas\u0131na, m\u00fc\u015fterilerinin mevduatlar\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fer kaybeden tahvillere yat\u0131rarak kumar oynamas\u0131na izin verildi\u011fidir. Bu sorunun yan\u0131t\u0131, 2008 krizinin tekrarlanmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe konan d\u00fczenlemelerin neredeyse tamam\u0131n\u0131n Donald Trump y\u00f6netimi taraf\u0131ndan 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda kald\u0131rm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131d\u0131r. Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Greg Becker, sermayesi 250 milyar dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda olan bankalara y\u00f6nelik d\u00fczenlemelerin azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in ABD Senatosu\u2019nda lobi yapanlar\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda geliyordu (50 milyar dolar\u0131n \u00fczerinde varl\u0131\u011fa sahip t\u00fcm bankalar s\u0131k\u0131 denetimlere tabiydi). Denetimlerin gev\u015fetilmesiyle birlikte, aralar\u0131nda Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu y\u00fczlerce bankan\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fc her t\u00fcrl\u00fc spek\u00fclatif manevra i\u00e7in a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n iflas\u0131, paralar\u0131n\u0131 geri alamad\u0131klar\u0131 takdirde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131n\u0131n bu ayki maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 bile \u00f6deyemeyecek durumda olan \u00e7e\u015fitli b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fcklerdeki pek \u00e7ok teknoloji \u015firketini etkiledi. Roku (d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretli yay\u0131n cihazlar\u0131), Circle (elektronik \u00f6deme y\u00f6netimi teknolojisi), ROBLOX (\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i oyun platformu), BlockFi (kripto para platformu), Compass Coffee (\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i kahve ma\u011fazas\u0131), Camp (\u00e7evrimi\u00e7i oyuncak ma\u011fazas\u0131), Axsome Therapeutics (ila\u00e7) ve Rippling (\u00f6deme y\u00f6netimi) bunlar\u0131n en \u00f6nemlileri aras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fka bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe do\u011fru ilk ad\u0131m m\u0131?<\/strong><\/p>\n Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc, ku\u015fkusuz en \u00e7ok ses getiren olay oldu. Ancak daha \u00f6nce, kripto para alan\u0131nda uzmanla\u015fm\u0131\u015f Silvergate bankas\u0131 iflas etmi\u015f ve pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc Merkez Bankas\u0131, Signature Bank\u2019\u0131n kapat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etmek zorunda kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n \u00f6nde gelen borsalar\u0131nda t\u00fcm bankalar\u0131n hisse senedi fiyatlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc ve bu, bir bula\u015fma etkisi korkusu yaratt\u0131. Durumdan etkilenen \u015fubeler Silikon Vadisi \u015firketlerinin bulundu\u011fu b\u00f6lgenin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. \u0130srail ve Hindistan\u2019daki teknoloji \u015firketleri de i\u015fin i\u00e7inde g\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcyor. Ayr\u0131ca HSBC\u2019nin, Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n \u0130ngiltere \u015fubesini sadece bir sterlin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sat\u0131n ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bildirildi.<\/p>\n Merkez Bankas\u0131, Hazine Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Federal Mevduat Sigorta Kurumu pani\u011fin yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in ortak bir a\u00e7\u0131klama yaparak t\u00fcm mevduatlar\u0131n \u00f6denece\u011fini garanti etti. Ba\u015fkan Joe Biden, yeni d\u00fczenlemelerin yap\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek bankac\u0131l\u0131k sistemini savunmak zorunda kald\u0131, fakat ABD Kongresi\u2019nin mevcut yap\u0131s\u0131yla yeni d\u00fczenleme yapmak kolay de\u011fil. Ne var ki bu a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131n hi\u00e7biri s\u00fck\u00fbnet getirmedi ve pazartesi g\u00fcn\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fck piyasalar\u0131n kapan\u0131\u015f\u0131nda belirsizlik devam etti.<\/p>\n Emperyalist kapitalizmin 2008\u2019de ya\u015fad\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcrden yeni bir \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z\u0131 ya da b\u00fcy\u00fck bankac\u0131lar\u0131n, emperyalist h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerin ve uluslararas\u0131 finans kurulu\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n durumu kontrol\u00fc alt\u0131na al\u0131p almayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bilemeyiz. Ancak \u015funu s\u00f6yleyebiliriz ki, bu ya\u015fananlar emperyalist kapitalizmin yar\u0131m y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r devam eden ve pek \u00e7o\u011fu akut k\u00fcresel krizlerle sonu\u00e7lanan kronik krizinin bir ba\u015fka a\u015famas\u0131d\u0131r. Her durumda bu kriz, hayali k\u00e2rlar\u0131n yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 spek\u00fclatif balonlar\u0131n, \u00fcretken sermayede k\u00e2r oranlar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fmeye devam etti\u011fi ger\u00e7e\u011fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda patlamas\u0131yla ba\u015flad\u0131. Finans, borsa ve emlak spek\u00fclasyonlar\u0131na, gereksiz b\u00fcy\u00fckl\u00fckteki yeni teknoloji \u015firketlerine veya kripto para birimlerinin y\u00fckseli\u015fine ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne yat\u0131r\u0131lan trilyonlarca dolar s\u00f6z konusu. Bunlar her an patlayabilir. Ard\u0131ndan, her zaman oldu\u011fu gibi, krizin faturas\u0131n\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilere ve d\u00fcnyan\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclen halklar\u0131na \u00f6detmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar.<\/p>\n T\u00fcm bunlar, kapitalizmin neden daha ileri gidemeyece\u011finin bir ba\u015fka \u00f6rne\u011fidir; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc sunabilece\u011fi tek \u015fey kriz, a\u00e7l\u0131k, sefalet ve ya\u011fmad\u0131r. Sosyalizme giden yolda i\u015f\u00e7ilerin iktidara gelmesi i\u015fte bu y\u00fczden hayati \u00f6nem ta\u015f\u0131maktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Jos\u00e9 Castillo, \u0130UB-DE\u2019nin Arjantin seksiyonu Sosyalist Sol \u00f6nderi<\/em><\/p>\n 13 Mart 2023<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" 12 Mart\u2019ta Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131 \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Hafta sonu boyunca s\u00fcren bir sars\u0131nt\u0131ya ve d\u00fcnya borsalar\u0131ndaki bankalar\u0131n hisse fiyatlar\u0131nda keskin bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015fe yol a\u00e7an bu olay, kronik bir kriz i\u00e7erisindeki emperyalist kapitalizmin yeni bir i\u015fareti. Bu olay\u0131n sonucu ne olursa olsun, b\u00fcy\u00fck kapitalistler bunun bedelini i\u015f\u00e7i s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131na ve d\u00fcnya halklar\u0131na \u00f6detmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015facaklar. Silikon Vadisi Bankas\u0131, hem […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":13897,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13921"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13921"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13921\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13923,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13921\/revisions\/13923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13897"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13921"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13921"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13921"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}