Venezuela\u2019daki se\u00e7im krizi, m\u00fccadeleci kesimlerde bir kez daha bir\u00e7ok soruyu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor: Venezuela\u2019da neler oluyor? Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n petrol\u00fcn\u00fc ABD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 savunan sol ve antiemperyalist bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet mi? Maduro, \u00e7okuluslu petrol \u015firketlerini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na m\u0131 al\u0131yor? Maduro\u2019yu savunmal\u0131 ve se\u00e7im sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131namamal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131z? Sosyalist Tro\u00e7kist ak\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip.<\/p>\n
Devrimci sosyalistler olarak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n antiemperyalist ve sosyalist \u00f6nc\u00fclerine Nicolas Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ger\u00e7ek karakterini ve Chavizmin ne anlama geldi\u011fini bir kez daha a\u00e7\u0131klamak istiyoruz. Venezuela\u2019da sol bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet oldu\u011fu iddias\u0131 yanl\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Chavez 1 May\u0131s 2005\u2019te \u201c21. Y\u00fczy\u0131l Sosyalizmi\u201dni benimsedi\u011fini s\u00f6ylerken yalan s\u00f6ylemi\u015ftir. Ger\u00e7ekler a\u00e7\u0131k\u00e7a g\u00f6stermektedir ki Chavizm hi\u00e7bir zaman kapitalizmden kopmam\u0131\u015f, \u00e7okuluslu petrol \u015firketleriyle anla\u015fmalar yapmay\u0131 da b\u0131rakmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya solu, Peronizm ve hatta kendilerini Tro\u00e7kist olarak adland\u0131ran baz\u0131 kesimler Maduro, Lula, Petro ya da Boric konusunda, patronlar\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131f i\u015fbirlik\u00e7i h\u00fck\u00fcmetlerine teslimiyetlerini me\u015frula\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in ger\u00e7ekli\u011fi \u00e7arp\u0131tt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u00d6rne\u011fin Brezilya\u2019da Lula h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin destek\u00e7ileri olan \u201cDireni\u015f\u201d ak\u0131m\u0131n\u0131n ve PSOL\u2019un lideri Valerio Arcary\u2019nin ne dedi\u011fine bakal\u0131m. Arcary Tro\u00e7kist oldu\u011funu iddia ediyor. Ona g\u00f6re: \u201cSe\u00e7im sonucunun analizi naif bir de\u011ferlendirmeye indirgenemez (\u2026) S\u00f6z konusu olan Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n ABD\u2019nin yar\u0131s\u00f6m\u00fcrgesi olarak yeniden d\u00fczenlenmesi, PDVSA\u2019n\u0131n (Venezuela devlet petrol ve do\u011falgaz \u015firketi) \u00f6zelle\u015ftirilmesi ve en b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol rezervlerinin b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015firketlerine teslim edilmesidir (\u2026) \u201cMaduro h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, sosyal reformlarla milliyet\u00e7i bir devlet kapitalizmi d\u00fczenleme projesini \u00fcstlendi\u201d. (1 A\u011fustos,\u00a0Jacobin<\/em>\u00a0Dergisi)<\/p>\n Ba\u015fka bir deyi\u015fle, Arcary i\u00e7in se\u00e7imde hile olup olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 (\u201cnaif bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnceye\u201d sahip olmamak) ve polisin bu y\u00fczden 20 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp kitlesel hapis cezas\u0131 verip vermedi\u011fi ikincildir. Daha ziyade, \u201csava\u015f\u0131n\u201d odak noktas\u0131 petrol\u00fcn kontrol\u00fcd\u00fcr. Arcary\u2019ye g\u00f6re Maduro d\u00fc\u015ferse, \u201cen b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol rezervleri b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015firketlerine\u201d (\u00e7okuluslu \u015firketlere) devredilecek. K\u00fcresel reformizm ve Castroculu\u011fun b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131lan mesaj bu t\u00fcr bir mesajd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Milyonlarca ki\u015fide \u00e7ok fazla kafa kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve \u015f\u00fcphe olmas\u0131 anla\u015f\u0131l\u0131r. Corina Machado\u2019nun muhalefeti sa\u011fc\u0131 liberal ve Amerikan yanl\u0131s\u0131 olunca bu durum daha da peki\u015fiyor. Ancak ortada koca bir yalan var.<\/p>\n Chevron ve \u00e7okuluslu petrol \u015firketleri y\u0131llard\u0131r Venezuela\u2019da, Chavizm ile el ele<\/strong><\/p>\n Elbette Maria Corina Machado liderli\u011findeki Amerikan yanl\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011f kanat daha fazla petrol istiyor. Ancak temelde petrol i\u015finde arac\u0131 olmak, Chavizmi ve onun yozla\u015fm\u0131\u015f mafyalar\u0131n\u0131 yerinden etmek istiyorlar. Bu bir mafyay\u0131 di\u011feriyle de\u011fi\u015ftirmekten ba\u015fka bir \u015fey de\u011fil.<\/p>\n \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmeti giderse \u201cb\u00fcy\u00fck petrol \u015firketlerinin\u201d gelece\u011fi koca bir yalan. Hay\u0131r! \u00c7okuluslu petrol \u015firketleri zaten uzun s\u00fcredir Venezuela\u2019da. Ch\u00e1vez 2007\u2019den itibaren \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketlerin PDVSA\u2019da karma \u015firket stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde yer almas\u0131n\u0131 kanunen onaylam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Anla\u015fmalar\u0131 imzalayan ilk \u015firketler aras\u0131nda ABD\u2019li Chevron, \u0130spanyol Repsol, \u0130ngiliz Shell, Frans\u0131z Total, \u00c7in Ulusal Petrol ve Brezilyal\u0131 Petrobras vard\u0131. Exxon Mobil, karma \u015firket stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc kabul etmeyen ve geri \u00e7ekilen tek \u015firket oldu. Daha sonra Japon Mitsubishi ve Rus Lukoil, Gazprom ve Rosneft de kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu politikaya muhalefet edenler yaln\u0131zca, Sosyalizm ve \u00d6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck Partisi (PSL) ve Birle\u015fik Devrimci ve \u00d6zerk S\u0131n\u0131f Ak\u0131m\u0131\u2019n\u0131n (C-Cura) sosyalist liderleri ve ayn\u0131 zamanda petrol i\u015f\u00e7ileri olan Orlando Chirino ve Jose Bodas\u2019t\u0131. \u0130lk andan itibaren slogan \u201cKarma \u015firketlere son! PDVSA, i\u015f\u00e7ilerin ortak y\u00f6netimi alt\u0131nda y\u00fczde 100 devlete ait olmal\u0131d\u0131r\u201d \u015feklindeydi.<\/p>\n Venezuela petrol\u00fcn\u00fcn \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketlere teslimi, 2010 y\u0131l\u0131nda bizzat Ch\u00e1vez\u2019in d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck petrol rezervine sahip b\u00f6lge olarak kabul edilen Orinoco Ku\u015fa\u011f\u0131\u2019ndaki birka\u00e7 blo\u011fun devrini imzalamas\u0131yla yeni bir ivme kazand\u0131.<\/p>\n 2010\u2019un ilk aylar\u0131nda d\u00f6nemin Enerji ve Petrol Bakan\u0131 Rafael Ramirez, ABD\u2019li petrol \u015firketi Chevron ve Japon Mitsubishi Corporation ve Inpex Corporation\u2019dan olu\u015fan konsorsiyum ile Venezuela\u2019dan Suelopetrol\u2019\u00fcn 2 G\u00fcney, 3 Kuzey ve 5 numaral\u0131 bloklardan olu\u015fan Carabobo 3 projesinde PDVSA\u2019n\u0131n ortaklar\u0131 olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Carabobo 1 projesi Repsol, Hindistan Petrol \u015eirketi ONGC Videsh Limited ve Malezyal\u0131 Petronas\u2019\u0131n olu\u015fturdu\u011fu konsorsiyuma devredildi. Bu saha 1 Merkez ve 1 Kuzey b\u00f6lgelerinden olu\u015fmakta. \u00c7okuluslu \u015firketlere devredilen bloklar g\u00fcnde 400.000 ila 480.000 varil petrol \u00fcretiyordu.<\/p>\n Hugo Chavez daha sonra kapitalist \u015firketleri sadece petrol\u00fc i\u015fletmeye de\u011fil ayn\u0131 zamanda \u201c\u00fclkenin kalk\u0131nmas\u0131na\u201d da kat\u0131lmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131 ve Venezuela kapitalist ekonomisine g\u00f6sterdikleri \u201cg\u00fcven\u201d i\u00e7in patronlar\u0131 kutlad\u0131 [veriler ve al\u0131nt\u0131lar i\u00e7in bkz. Simon Rodriguez Porras ve Miguel Sorans taraf\u0131ndan yaz\u0131lan\u00a0\u00bfPor que fracaso el chavismo? (Chavizm Neden Ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z Oldu?)<\/em>, sayfa 135 ve 136].<\/p>\n Bu anla\u015fma ayn\u0131 zamanda di\u011fer \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler (Nestl\u00e9, Coca Cola, DHL, Movistar, Citibank ve di\u011ferleri) ve Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck patronlar\u0131yla da yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f ve devletle i\u015f yapan, \u00e7o\u011fu Silahl\u0131 Kuvvetlerle ba\u011flant\u0131l\u0131 \u015firketlerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 te\u015fvik ederek \u201cboliburjuvazi\u201d olarak bilinen yeni bir burjuva sekt\u00f6r\u00fc yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ordu taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilen yakla\u015f\u0131k 15 \u015firket oldu\u011fu tahmin edilmekte. Bu da ordunun neden h\u00e2l\u00e2 rejimin belkemi\u011fi oldu\u011funu a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131yor. T\u00fcm bunlar, i\u015f\u00e7iler ile ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z sol \u00f6rg\u00fctlere y\u00f6nelik sald\u0131r\u0131lardan ve d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck \u00fccretlerden olu\u015fan i\u015f\u00e7i d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 bir politika \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmekte.<\/p>\n Arcady\u2019nin \u201cMaduro h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, sosyal reformlarla milliyet\u00e7i bir devlet kapitalizmi d\u00fczenleme projesini \u00fcstlendi\u201d iddias\u0131, ger\u00e7e\u011fin tam tersidir. Daha Ch\u00e1vez d\u00f6neminde, \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketlerin elde etti\u011fi k\u00e2rlar, yeni burjuvazinin ve eski patronlar grubunun (Cisneros Grubu veya Polar Grubu gibi) yolsuzluk ve s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fcs\u00fcyle halk\u0131n \u00e7ekti\u011fi s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Venezuela\u2019y\u0131 ekonomik ve sosyal \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6t\u00fcren bu politikayd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u00c7okuluslu \u015firketler Venezuela\u2019dan asla ayr\u0131lmad\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n ABD\u2019nin son y\u0131llarda petrol sekt\u00f6r\u00fcne uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlara ra\u011fmen, \u00e7okuluslu \u015firketler hi\u00e7bir zaman Venezuela\u2019dan ayr\u0131lmad\u0131. Sadece k\u0131smi geri \u00e7ekilmeler oldu. Bu ba\u011flamda en \u00f6nemli \u015fey Chevron\u2019un lisans\u0131n\u0131n Kas\u0131m 2022\u2019de onaylanmas\u0131 ve ABD\u2019ye g\u00fcnde 200.000 varil petrol g\u00f6ndermeye ba\u015flamas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bir y\u0131l sonra, Kas\u0131m 2023\u2019te \u0130spanyol\u00a0El Pa\u00eds<\/em>\u00a0gazetesi, ABD\u2019nin Venezuela\u2019ya y\u00f6nelik ekonomik yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131n bir\u00e7o\u011funu kald\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klamas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan yeni petrol yat\u0131r\u0131mlar\u0131na ili\u015fkin bir haber yapt\u0131: \u201cVenezuela ile bir s\u00fcredir gaz projeleri \u00fczerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan Repsol ve Eni\u2019nin (\u0130talya) yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Frans\u0131z Maurel & Prom \u015firketi de Maracaibo G\u00f6l\u00fc\u2019ndeki faaliyetlerine yeniden ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu. China Petroleum ve Indian Oil \u015firketleri Miraflores [ed.n. Venezuela Devlet Ba\u015fkan\u0131n\u0131n resmi konutu] ile zaten \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yor (\u2026) Mitsubishi, Metanol de Oriente Metor\u2019un petrokimya projesini devralmak istiyor. Caracas, Kolombiyal\u0131 Ecopetrol ile ortak petrol ve gaz projelerini onaylad\u0131. Petrobras ve Hindistan\u2019\u0131n Reliance\u2019\u0131ndan da bahsediliyor.\u201d (El Pais<\/em>, 27 Kas\u0131m 2023).<\/p>\n Ayn\u0131 \u015fekilde, 2024 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n Haziran ay\u0131nda, s\u00f6zde ablukan\u0131n var olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir ad\u0131m olarak, Maduro\u2019nun kontrol\u00fcndeki Ulusal Meclis (Parlamento), Chevron\u2019un %34 paya sahip oldu\u011fu Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n Petroindependencia adl\u0131 karma petrol \u015firketine 2050 y\u0131l\u0131na kadar faaliyet g\u00f6sterebilmesi i\u00e7in 15 y\u0131ll\u0131k bir uzatma yetkisi verdi (Peri\u00f3dico Energ\u00eda, 18\/07\/2024 verilerine g\u00f6re).<\/p>\n Siyasi kriz nedeniyle Maduro, ABD\u2019nin bask\u0131ya devam etmesi halinde Kuzey Amerikal\u0131 petrol \u015firketlerinin lisanslar\u0131n\u0131 BRIC \u00fclkelerine verece\u011fini duyurdu. Bu iki \u015feyi g\u00f6steriyor: birincisi, Amerikan petrol \u015firketleriyle bir anla\u015fma yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n teyidi, ikincisi ise Maduro\u2019nun bu imtiyazlar\u0131 kamula\u015ft\u0131rmakla de\u011fil, zaten y\u0131llard\u0131r Venezuela\u2019da bulunan Brezilya, Hindistan, Rusya ve \u00c7in\u2019in \u00e7okuluslu petrol \u015firketlerine devretmekle tehdit etmesi.<\/p>\n Mevcut durum daha net ifade edilemezdi. Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmetinin ne sosyalist ne de anti-emperyalist bir yan\u0131 var. S\u00f6z konusu olan, petrol da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131na ve emek\u00e7i halk\u0131n s\u00f6m\u00fcr\u00fclmesine devam etmek i\u00e7in s\u00f6zde antiemperyalist bir s\u00f6yleme sahip olan kapitalist bir diktat\u00f6rl\u00fckt\u00fcr. PSL ve \u0130\u015f\u00e7ilerin Uluslararas\u0131 Birli\u011fi \u2013 D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc Enternasyonal (\u0130UB-DE) olarak, Maduro\u2019nun diktat\u00f6rl\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, se\u00e7im sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bask\u0131 politikalar\u0131n\u0131 sona erdirmek i\u00e7in m\u00fccadelemizi s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcyor ve ABD yanl\u0131s\u0131 sa\u011fc\u0131 muhalefeti bir alternatif olarak reddediyoruz. \u0130\u015f\u00e7i demokrasisi temelinde ger\u00e7ek sosyalizme giden yolu ba\u015flatacak bir emek\u00e7i iktidar\u0131na ula\u015fmak i\u00e7in m\u00fccadele ediyoruz.<\/p>\n \u0130UB-DE\u2019nin Arjantin seksiyonu Sosyalist Sol\u2019un (IS) \u00f6nderlerinden Miguel Sorans<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n 5 A\u011fustos 2024<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Venezuela\u2019daki se\u00e7im krizi, m\u00fccadeleci kesimlerde bir kez daha bir\u00e7ok soruyu g\u00fcndeme getiriyor: Venezuela\u2019da neler oluyor? Maduro h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, Venezuela\u2019n\u0131n petrol\u00fcn\u00fc ABD\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 savunan sol ve antiemperyalist bir h\u00fck\u00fcmet mi? Maduro, \u00e7okuluslu petrol \u015firketlerini kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na m\u0131 al\u0131yor? Maduro\u2019yu savunmal\u0131 ve se\u00e7im sahtek\u00e2rl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 k\u0131namamal\u0131 m\u0131y\u0131z? Sosyalist Tro\u00e7kist ak\u0131m\u0131m\u0131z ba\u015fka bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe sahip. Devrimci sosyalistler olarak, d\u00fcnyan\u0131n antiemperyalist ve […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":19026,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[308],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19146"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19146"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19146\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":19147,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/19146\/revisions\/19147"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/19026"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19146"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=19146"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/uit-ci.org\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=19146"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}