Miguel Lamas, dirigente de la UIT-CI.
El 7 de febrero se realizaron las elecciones nacionales en Ecuador, en medio de profunda crisis política. El candidato correista Andrés Arauz sacó el 32% de votos, Yaku Pérez de Pachakutik y la organización indígena CONAIE, sorprendió con casi un 20% y el banquero Guillermo Lasso otro 20%, con diferencia de centésimas entre ambos, por lo cual se está exigiendo recuento de votos y aún no se sabe quién será el que disputará con Arauz la segunda vuelta.
Yaku Pérez, el candidato de Pachakutik, es ex prefecto (gobernador) de la provincia de Azuay, y dirigente del movimiento indígena nacional CONAIE. Las encuestas previas le daban un lejano tercer puesto, en un confuso panorama electoral que dispersó los votos populares anticorreistas, con 15 candidatos y sectores que rompieron con el correísmo que llamaron a votar nulo.
A 24 horas de las elecciones, y con el 97% ya contado, Yaku Pérez llegó al segundo lugar. Pero – sospechosamente- tres días después perdía por décimas ante Lasso. Yaku denunció una manipulación de datos por parte de la CNE y el partido correista de Araúz. Al correísmo le conviene que en la segunda vuelta sea Lasso su contrincante al que le ganaría fácilmente por estar identificado con la derecha oligárquica. En cambio, probablemente tendría más dificultades electorales si fuera Yaku su oponente en segunda vuelta.
Lenín Moreno y Rafael Correa
Correa había gobernado desde el 2007 al 2017. Como Lula o Maduro y toda esa corriente, tuvo un doble discurso, de un supuesto socialismo y antiimperialismo, pero con una economía crecientemente orientada a la inversión multinacional especialmente en petróleo y minería, además de una gran corrupción. Sectores indígenas y populares fueron reprimidos por oponerse a esa economía al servicio de multinacionales. Yaku Pérez, fue acusado en el 2011 de “terrorismo” por promover movilizaciones indígenas contra un proyecto minero que afectaba al agua. Estuvo preso 3 veces y sufrió decenas de procesos legales.
En el 2017 Correa ya se había desprestigiado y no se presentó de candidato. Su organización Alianza País llevó de candidato Lenín Moreno, que había sido su vicepresidente, y que ganó las elecciones en segunda vuelta y con muy poco margen al mismo Guillermo Lasso. Al poco tiempo de ganar, Lenin Moreno rompió con Correa, girando a la derecha.
El levantamiento indígena popular de octubre 2019
En octubre del 2019 hubo un gran levantamiento popular contra el intento del gobierno de Lenin Moreno de hacer un acuerdo con el FMI, uno de cuyos puntos era un aumento del 100% de la nafta y ajuste del sector público. Miles de indígenas ocuparon Quito, con apoyo de miles de estudiantes, ocuparon el Parlamento e hicieron escapar a todos los diputados y senadores y al presidente Lenin Moreno. La represión causó 10 muertos, pero no pudieron derrotar el levantamiento.
Yaku Pérez fue una de las figuras destacadas de este levantamiento. Propuso en ese momento que se disolviera el parlamento odiado por el pueblo, y se instalara el Parlamento de los Pueblos con representantes de las organizaciones indígenas (CONAIE, Amazónicos), el FUT de trabajadores, estudiantiles y populares, que asumiera el poder legislativo.
Una semana después, con el centro de Quito aun ocupado por los indígenas, con mediación de la Iglesia y la ONU, se anulaba el acuerdo con el FMI. Recién entonces se retiraron los indígenas y pudo volver el presidente y los diputados y senadores a sus sillones.
El Parlamento de los Pueblos se reunió un mes después y formuló un programa para un futuro gobierno.
La candidatura de Yaku Pérez
La candidatura de Yaku Pérez en Pachakutik es entonces una expresión de la rebelión indígena, encabezada por la CONAIE y de la ruptura de sectores indígenas y populares con el correísmo.
Yaku Pérez levantó en gran parte el programa del Parlamento de los Pueblos, y centró su campaña en defensa del agua para la agricultura en las comunidades indígenas. Incluso se cambió su nombre original que era Carlos Pérez, por el de Yaku, que significa agua en quichua. El agua escasa en las zonas altas de Ecuador, es envenenada por mineras multinacionales o acaparada por algunos terratenientes. Yaku indica que de triunfar hará un plebiscito para prohibir la minería metálica. También plantea apoyo económico a la pequeña producción campesina indígena, suspender pagos de la deuda externa y “repatriación” de capitales fugados, impuesto a los ricos para pagar crisis, terminar con corrupción y bajar a la mitad todos los altísimos salarios de diputados, ministros y gobernantes.
Yaku Pérez habla de lograr las demandas populares acordando, sin corrupción y “en forma transparente”, con multinacionales y banqueros y todos los sectores un plan de desarrollo nacional. La experiencia histórica de lucha de indígenas y trabajadores ecuatorianos y también internacional, indican claramente que esas demandas justas no pueden conseguirse sin confrontar a capitalistas, multinacionales, oligarcas y banqueros y mucho más cuando, aun ganando la presidencia en una segunda vuelta, Pachakutik estará en minoría en el Parlamento electo.
Por eso, en el caso de que se logre derrotar el fraude y triunfe Yaku Pérez, es fundamental que se vuelva a reunir el Parlamento de los Pueblos, con representantes de organizaciones indígenas, de trabajadores, estudiantiles y populares, para definir el plan económico social a favor de sectores populares que habrá que imponer con la lucha.
Ante la denuncia de fraude realizada por Yaku Pérez comenzó una importante movilización de indígenas y organizaciones populares que obligó en principio al CNE (Consejo Electoral) y al banquero Lasso a aceptar la exigencia de recontar votos en 17 provincias. ¡Pero, ahora el propio Lasso dice que no hay que recontar votos si no están de acuerdo los 16 candidatos!
Aun cuando el programa de Pachakutik sea limitado y reformista, de conciliación de clases, expresa las principales demandas indígenas que traicionó el correismo. Por eso sería un gran triunfo democrático del movimiento indígena y de los trabajadores que logre pasar a segunda vuelta para enfrentar la candidatura de Araúz. Desde la UIT-CI apoyamos la lucha de indígenas y trabajadores ecuatorianos y nos unimos a la exigencia de que no se consume un fraude contra la candidatura de Yaku Pérez.
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